Category Archives: NameGivingDocs

  • 2025-05-03
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Arthur Schnitzler

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Category : monumentDocs , NameGivingDocs , SexDocs , streetnameDocs , theatreDocs , WriterDocs

Arthur Schnitzler (May 15, 1862 in Vienna,[1] Austrian Empire; October 21, 1931, ibid.) was an Austrian physician, narrator, and playwright. He is considered one of the most important representatives of Viennese Modernism.

From 1871 to 1879, Arthur Schnitzler attended the Akademisches Gymnasium in the 1st district and graduated with honors on July 8, 1879.[2] Afterwards, at his father’s request, he studied medicine at the University of Vienna. On May 30, 1885, he received his doctorate in medicine. His younger brother Julius (1865–1939) also became a physician.

From 1885 to 1888 he worked as an assistant and secondary physician at the General Hospital of the City of Vienna in internal medicine and in the field of psychiatry and dermatology.[3] He then worked as his father’s assistant in the laryngological department of the polyclinic in Vienna until 1893. From 1886 to 1893 Schnitzler published on medical topics and wrote more than 70 articles, mostly reviews of specialist books, including as editor of the International Clinical Review founded by his father.[4] He authored one (only) scientific book publication: On functional aphonia and its treatment through hypnosis and suggestion (1889).

Although Schnitzler had been writing literary texts since childhood and made his literary debut in 1880 (Liebeslied der Ballerine in the magazine Der freie Landbote), his public literary activity only began to intensify in 1888, when he was in his mid-20s. He published poems, one-act plays, and short stories in the magazine An der Schönen Blauen Donau, edited by Fedor Mamroth and Paul Goldmann.[5] Around this magazine, but also in the Viennese coffee houses that Schnitzler frequented, including the Café Griensteidl, like-minded people began to gather who wanted to create a new, Austrian literary movement. The term “Jung Wien” soon became established for this, even though it did not describe a unified program and only partially shared aesthetic goals. Key figures with whom Schnitzler became friends around 1890/1891 were Hugo von Hofmannsthal, Hermann Bahr and Richard Beer-Hofmann.

In addition to this scandal, the publication of Reigen caused further controversy. First produced in 1900 as a private print in a small number of copies, it was freely published by Fritz Freund’s Viennese publishing house in 1903. The conversations it depicts before and after sexual intercourse between women and men from different social classes were denounced as pornography by Schnitzler’s opponents. The two themes of criticism of the army and eroticism, combined with Schnitzler’s obvious success, made him a popular target for anti-Semites.

Privately, Schnitzler documented several relationships with women in his diary for the period up to the age of 40, often conducted simultaneously without the partners’ knowledge. In particular, his largely platonic relationship with Olga Waissnix, the married landlady of the Thalhof (Reichenau an der Rax), as well as his relationships with Marie Glümer and Maria Reinhard, were considered more profound partnerships. Both Maria (often referred to in the diary as “Mizi I” and “Mizi II”), as well as others, hoped to legitimize their relationship through marriage. In Maria Reinhard’s case, this became even more pressing because she was pregnant with his child twice. The first child was stillborn, and she died of appendicitis during the second pregnancy.

His relationship with actress Olga Gussmann (1882–1970) led to a stabilization of his lifestyle. On August 9, 1902, she gave birth to their son, Heinrich Schnitzler. On August 26, 1903, the couple married. Their daughter, Lili, was born on September 13, 1909.[11] Schnitzler remained faithful for the duration of the marriage and ceased his promiscuous lifestyle.

From the beginning of the 20th century, the writer was one of the most frequently performed playwrights on German stages. With the outbreak of the First World War, interest in his works declined. This was also due to the fact that he was one of the few Austrian intellectuals who was not enthusiastic about warmongering and did not make any bellicose statements.

Reigen is Arthur Schnitzler’s most successful play for several decades. Largely unperformed during his lifetime at the author’s request, it describes in ten dialogues how a man and a woman talk to each other before and after sexual intercourse. In 1921, on the occasion of the premiere of the play Reigen, which led to a staged theater scandal in Berlin in 1920/1921 and then in Vienna, he was put on trial for causing public nuisance. The case was ultimately decided in the author’s favor by the Vienna Constitutional Court. After further performances in Vienna, however, Schnitzler asked his theater publisher in 1922 not to permit any more performances. His son only had the ban on performances lifted in 1982.

Während Schnitzler als jüdischer Autor in der Zeit des Nationalsozialismus verpönt war, setzte in der NIn the postwar period, a slow institutionalization as a classic began.[38]

In 1959/1960, the Arthur Schnitzler Courtyard in Vienna-Döbling (19th district) was named after him.

In 1971, a bust of Schnitzler by Sandor Jaray was unveiled at the Burgtheater in Vienna.

On May 13, 1982, a bust of Paul Peschke was unveiled in Vienna’s Türkenschanzpark (18th district).[39] The memorial was initiated by Viktor Anninger (1911–2004), who was a friend of Lili Schnitzler and frequented Schnitzler’s house at Sternwartestraße 71. Peschke, in turn, was the son-in-law of Ferdinand Schmutzer and, when he created the memorial, lived directly across from Schnitzler’s former residence in his father-in-law’s former house.

April 2012: The small park opposite the train station in Baden (Lower Austria) is named “Arthur Schnitzler Park.”[40]

May 6, 2017: Following a municipal council resolution from September 2016, the forecourt of the Volkstheater between Burggasse, Museumstraße, and Neustiftgasse in Vienna’s 7th district, Neubau, is named “Arthur Schnitzler Square.” The theater now uses the address Arthur Schnitzler Square 1, 1070 Vienna.

The Arthur Schnitzler Prize is awarded every four years by the Arthur Schnitzler Society. This prize is endowed with 10,000 euros by the Austrian Ministry of Education and the Cultural Department of the City of Vienna.

https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_Schnitzler

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_Schnitzler

  • 2025-05-02
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Adamantios Korais

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Category : BanknoteDocs , CoinDocs , monumentDocs , NameGivingDocs , StampDocs , WriterDocs

Adamantios Korais (Greek: Αδαμάντιος Κοραής – Adamántios Koraís, also Koraés; April 27, 1748 in Smyrna, Asia Minor, Ottoman Empire – April 6, 1833 in Paris) was a Greek scholar and writer. Korais is considered a reformer of Greek literature.

Korais was born in Smyrna, but his father came from the island of Chios, and Korais felt a strong connection to the island. Korais graduated from the Evangelical School of Smyrna and spent most of his life not in Greece, but in Western Europe. He devoted himself early on to the study of ancient and modern languages, and then, at his father’s wish, learned the trade of merchant in Amsterdam. From 1782 onwards, he studied medicine and natural history in Montpellier. In 1788, Korais settled in Paris to devote himself entirely to literature. Although he became a French citizen, he remained true to his Greek origins. Korais was interested in the church, schools, science, and politics. From Paris, he fought verbally and in writing for the spiritual rebirth of Greece.

Adamantios Korais – Zante Ferries

His main goal was the development of a national, universal Greek language into a written language; the standards he established for this are still largely the authoritative ones today. Korais tried to raise Greek awareness of their historical heritage, their Hellenistic origins. He stated that general education was the key to an independent Greece. Above all, however, Korais is known for his decisive role in the Greek language question: He attempted to strike a balance between the antiquarian standard language and the popular language, and went down in Greek linguistic history as the inventor of the Katharevousa (= the pure; the purified popular language).

In his letters and publications, Korais criticized the Greek Orthodox Church, which dominated the lives of his countrymen in the Ottoman Empire. The church strictly opposed an independent Greece. Korais’s expertise in classical antiquity developed from his study of the works of ancient Greek writers. His marble bust adorns the Lyceum on the Greek island of Chios, to which Korais bequeathed his valuable library, the present Korais Library (Δημόσια Κεντρική Ιστορική Bιβλιοθήκη Χίου Κοραή), which bears his name.

Adamantios Korais died on April 6, 1833, in Paris and was buried in the Montparnasse Cemetery (Division 2). In 1877, at the request of King George I of Greece, he was reburied and now has an honorary grave in the First Cemetery of Athens. In 1895, a cenotaph was erected in his honor at the site of his grave in the Montparnasse Cemetery.

The chair of Byzantine and Modern Greek Studies at King’s College London, the Koraes Professor of Modern Greek and Byzantine History, Language and Literature, is named after him.

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Arthur Conan Doyle

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Category : (water-)skiingDocs , FootballDocs , GolfDocs , JournalistDocs , monumentDocs , NameGivingDocs , SpiritualDocs , SportDocs , travelDocs , WriterDocs

Sir Arthur Ignatius Conan Doyle (May 22, 1859 in Edinburgh, Scotland – July 7, 1930 in Crowborough, Sussex, England) was a British physician and author. He wrote about the adventures of Sherlock Holmes and his friend Dr. Watson. He is also known for the character Challenger from his novel The Lost World, which served as the basis for numerous films and a television series.

In 1880, Doyle traveled to the Arctic as a ship’s doctor on the whaler Hope, and a year later to West Africa on the Mayumba. From 1882 to 1890, he ran a medical practice in Southsea near Portsmouth. In his free time, he also wrote his first literary works. In 1883, while in Portsmouth, he wrote his first novel, The Narrative of John Smith (see below), which, however, remained unfinished and unpublished and was not published until 2011. In 1887, he published the first story about the detective Sherlock Holmes and his friend Dr. Watson: A Study in Scarlet.

In the following period, Conan Doyle created his second very popular character, Professor Challenger. The Lost World, in which she first appears, was published in 1912 and is considered his best-known novel alongside the Sherlock Holmes series. Doyle’s texts published during the First World War sometimes take a critical look at Germany at the time. In October 1918, a few months before the official end of the war, his son Kingsley died of the Spanish flu. Doyle then began to devote himself increasingly to science fiction novels in the tradition of Jules Verne, as well as to spiritualism and mysticism, and also undertook lecture tours (including to the USA and South Africa).

Among other things, he made the so-called Cottingley Fairies famous – fake photos of fairies in whose authenticity he firmly believed, made into a film in 1997 in The Fairy Garden. His public controversy with the magician Harry Houdini made headlines.[6] The friendship between Doyle and Houdini broke down due to differing ideas about spiritualism – Doyle accepted various mediums as genuine and believed that Houdini himself had supernatural abilities, while Houdini himself said that he never experienced a séance in his life whose effects he could not have imitated with magic tricks.

The deductive and criminal analysis method is characteristic of Doyle’s characters. He, himself a physician, created the role of Dr. Watson. He endowed Sherlock Holmes with characteristics of his teacher at the University of Edinburgh, Joseph Bell. The criminalistic methods described by Doyle in his novels, such as fingerprinting, were ahead of the police methods of their time. This is especially true of the fundamentally scientifically oriented methodology of crime investigation.

In 1890, his novel The Firm of Girdlestone (1890) was published, painting a picture of his hometown of Edinburgh in the age of imperialism. Father and son Girdlestone & Co. operate a lucrative African trade with poorly maintained sailing ships.

That same year, Doyle moved to London. From 1891 onward, he was able to earn a living through writing, following the publication of his first detective story, A Scandal in Bohemia, in The Strand Magazine that same year.

In 1893, Conan Doyle decided to end the life of his protagonist Holmes, as the regular writing of new Holmes stories took up too much of his time and he wanted to concentrate his literary work on other works. This led to protests from his audience.[1] The author’s mother, an avid reader of the stories, tried in vain to dissuade him from the plan. In the story “The Final Problem,” Sherlock falls from the Reichenbach Falls near Meiringen in Switzerland during a fight with his adversary, Professor Moriarty, and is pronounced dead by Watson.

In the same year, Doyle became Master of the Phoenix No. 257 Masonic Lodge in Portsmouth.

In March 1893, Doyle became the first Briton to complete a day’s cross-country skiing. In commemoration of this achievement, the UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee named the Doyle Glacier in Antarctica after him in 1959.

On March 23, 1894, in a daring attempt, he crossed the Maienfelder Furgga from Davos to Arosa on skis, accompanied by two locals, brothers Tobias and Johann Branger. The event helped popularize skiing in England. It was recreated a good century later by the Austrian Broadcasting Corporation (ORF) in a television film based on Conan Doyle’s article “An Alpine Pass on ‘Skiing’,” published in Strand Magazine in December 1894.

Doyle played football as a goalkeeper for the amateur Portsmouth Association Football Club. He used the pseudonym A.C. Smith. He was also a keen cricketer and was capped ten times by the famous Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC) in the first team between 1899 and 1907. As a golfer, he was captain of Crowborough Beacon Golf Club, East Sussex, in 1910. He also initiated the construction of the golf course at Davos during his stays there from 1893 to 1895.

At the 1908 London Olympic Games, Arthur Conan Doyle reported on the marathon for the Daily Mail newspaper. Dorando Pietri was the first to cross the finish line, but because judges and doctors helped him across the finish line, the runner was disqualified. Doyle’s detailed and emotional report in the Daily Mail of July 25, 1908, about the weakened Italian’s finish, and a letter to the editor published at the same time as his article, in which Doyle appealed for donations for Pietri, are the basis of one of the most well-known myths of the modern Olympic Games. Doyle’s great commitment led to the widespread, but untrue, legend that Doyle himself helped Pietri across the finish line. Dr. Michael Bulger, who can be seen in one photograph as an assistant, was often mistaken for Doyle. A memorial to Sir Conan Doyle has stood at Cloke’s Corner in Crowborough since April 14, 2001. The bronze statue was created by sculptor David Cornell and funded by the Conan Doyle Statue Trust with grants from Crowborough Town Council and private donations. To finance the bronze casting, Cornell commissioned a limited edition of a scaled-down model.

In 2023, the Venezuelan frog Caligophryne doylei was named after Conan Doyle.

https://www.arthurconandoyle.com

https://www.youtube.com/@ArthurConanDoyleEncyclopedia/videos

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Andreas Karkavitsas

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Category : NameGivingDocs , streetnameDocs , WriterDocs

Andreas Karkavitsas or Carcavitsas (Greek: Ανδρέας Καρκαβίτσας; Lechaina, 1866 – Marousi, October 10, 1922) was a Greek novelist. He was a naturalist, like Alexandros Papadiamantis.

He was born in 1866 in the north-west Peloponnese, in the town of Lechaina in Elis. He studied medicine. As an army doctor, he travelled across a great range of villages and settlements, from which he recorded traditions and legends. He died on October 10, 1922, of laryngeal cancer. Several streets in Greece have been named after him, for instance in Pyrgos.

Karkavitsas wrote in the European tradition of naturalism (exemplified by Émile Zola), which does not shrink from portraying the seamier parts of life among humble people, rather than romanticising or embellishing reality. He was a folklorist with a gift for spinning tales full of authentic details of simple people’s lives, local customs, dialects and folktales, as well as psychological insights about them. He was more successful as a short-story and novella writer. “The Beggar” is a novella about con-men, violence and the grotesque practices of professional beggars (including purposely maiming children to turn them into profitable objects of pity). “Words from the prow” is about the lives of seafarers, fishermen and sponge-divers, full of arcane details of their craft as well as folk-tale-inflected plots of tragedy, shipwreck, hands lost at sea, murder, superstition and the supernatural, as well as the joys of making a living off the sea.

YearTitleEnglish meaningPublished in
1892Διηγήματα (Diiyimata)StoriesAthens
1896Η Λυγερή (I Liyeri)The willowy girlAthens
1897Θεσσαλικές εικόνες. Ο ζητιάνος (Thessalikes eikones. O zitianos)Thessalian images. The beggarAthens
1899Λόγια της πλώρης. θαλασσινά διηγήματα (Logia tis ploris. Thalassina diiyimata)Words from the prow. Sea storiesAthens
1900Παλιές αγάπες 1885-1897 (Palies agapes)Old loves 1885-1897Athens
1904Ο αρχαιολόγος (O arheologos)The archeologistAthens
1922Διηγήματα του γυλιού(Diiyimata tou yiliou)Stories from the backpackAthens
1922Διηγήματα για τα παληκάρια μας (Diiyimata ya ta palikaria mas)Stories about our ladsAthens

https://www.searchculture.gr/aggregator/persons/-2028989646?language=en

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andreas_Karkavitsas

  • 2025-04-28
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Theodore Howard Somervell

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Category : ArtDocs , MountainClimberDocs , NameGivingDocs , OlympicDocs , RugbyDocs , travelDocs

Theodore Howard Somervell OBE, FRCS (16 April 1890 – 23 January 1975) was an English surgeon, mountaineer, painter and missionary who was a member of two expeditions to Mount Everest in the 1920s, and then spent nearly 40 years working as a doctor in India. In 1924 he was awarded an Olympic Gold Medal by Pierre de Coubertin for his achievements in mountaineering (Alpinism).

Somervell was born in Kendal, Westmorland, England, to a well-off family which owned the shoe-manufacturing business founded by two Somervell brothers in Kendal in 1845, that became K Shoes.[1] His father William Somervell (1860 – 1934) was a businessman, philanthropist and Liberal politician. He attended Rugby School, and at the age of eighteen joined the Fell and Rock Climbing Club, beginning an interest in climbing, art and mountaineering which would last a lifetime. He studied at Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge where he developed his strong Christian faith and gained First Class Honours in the Natural Sciences Tripos. He then began training as a surgeon at University College Hospital; eventually graduating in 1921 after his training had been interrupted by the First World War.

He married Margaret Hope Simpson (1899–1993), daughter of Sir James Hope Simpson, the general manager of the Bank of Liverpool. With Margaret he had three sons: James, David, and Hugh.

Somervell painted many hundreds if not thousands of paintings and has been described as a compulsive sketcher and painter.[23] The Himalayan Club identified some 600 titles, with at least 200 of them being representations of the Himalayas or Tibet. 126 of these relate to the 1922 and 1924 expeditions, many of which were exhibited at the Royal Geographical Society in April 1925 and at the Redfern Gallery, London, in 1926. He exhibited almost annually at the Lake Artists Society exhibitions in the Lake District after his return to England.

Many of his watercolours are painted on what has been described as no more than ‘cheap’ brown or off-white wrapping paper.[23] However, given that Somervell was a sometime commercial artist, this oft-repeated tale is largely apocryphal. He used this style of paper as early as 1913 and was still using it in the 1970s. It particularly lends itself to the dun colours of the Tibetan landscape. Other artists such as John Sell Cotman and Edith Collingwood[who?] used similar paper. He often used watercolour and body colour in preference to watercolour alone. He also used pastel, either alone or with watercolour. Watercolour seems to have been his favoured medium in Tibet, Himalaya and India.[citation needed]

The Alpine Club in London possesses thirty paintings by Somervell. The Abbot Hall Art Gallery in Kendal has thirteen Somervell watercolours and one oil painting while the Royal Geographical Society holds a large watercolour, Gaurisankar from the North West, dated 1924, although this may in fact be a painting of Menlungtse.[21] Somervell’s paintings of the Himalayas and of Westmorland were exhibited at the Abbot Hall Art Gallery in April 1979.

Somervell died in Ambleside in 1975. The Dr. Somervell Memorial Mission Hospital, established in 1975 at Karakonam, south of Trivandrum and the Dr. Somervell Memorial CSI Medical College, established in 2002, are named in his honour.

With the expedition over, Somervell set out to see India, travelling from the far north to Cape Comorin. He was shocked by the poverty he saw, and in particular the poor medical facilities. At the main hospital of the south Travancore medical mission in Neyyoor he found a single surgeon struggling to cope with a long queue of waiting patients, and immediately offered to assist. On his return to Britain, he abandoned his promising medical career, and announced his intention to work in India permanently after his next attempt on Everest. Most of his paintings sold today are from his travels in various parts of India. Even though most of his time was in Kerala where many landmarks to his name still remain.

A collection of his mountaineering equipment and other effects, including his 1924 Winter Olympics gold medal, and his sketchbooks and paintings, now in the possession of his grandson, was shown on an episode of the BBC Television programme Antiques Roadshow in April 2022.

Expedition at Base Camp.
Back row: Morshead, G Bruce, Noel, Wakefield, Somervell, Morris, Norton
Front row: Mallory, Finch, Longstaff, General C  Bruce, Strutt, Crawford

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1922_British_Mount_Everest_expedition

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Howard_Somervell

https://www.mountainpaintings.org/T.H.Somervell.html

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Stanisław Herman LemSta

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Category : monumentDocs , NameGivingDocs , WriterDocs

Stanisław Herman Lem (also known as Stanislaw Lem, pronunciation: [staˈɲiswaf lɛm]; September 12, 1921 in Lwów, Poland – March 27, 2006 in Kraków) was a Polish writer, best known as a science fiction author, philosopher, and essayist. Lem’s works have been translated into 57 languages ​​and sold more than 45 million copies. He is one of the most widely read science fiction authors, although he did not like to call himself that because of the complexity of his work. Due to the numerous puns and neologisms, his works are considered difficult to translate.

Lem is considered a brilliant visionary and utopian who conceived numerous complex technologies decades before their actual development. As early as the 1960s and 1970s, he wrote on topics such as nanotechnology, neural networks, and virtual reality. A recurring theme is the philosophical and ethical aspects and problems of technological developments, such as artificial intelligence, human-like robots, and genetic engineering. In many of his works, he employed satire and humor, often subtly exposing the hubris of the belief in human superiority based on faith in technology and science. Some of his works also contain gloomy and pessimistic aspects regarding the long-term survival of humanity. He frequently addressed attempts by humans to communicate with extraterrestrial intelligences, which he addressed as a major failure in one of his best-known novels, Solaris.

In the 2000s, the multifaceted Lem became a critic of the internet and the information society—something he had predicted, in part—because they turned users into “information nomads” who merely “hop incoherently from stimulus to stimulus.” “It is proving increasingly difficult to bring together different sources and perspectives to obtain a well-rounded, complete picture of a subject.”

Stanisław Lem was born into a Polish-Jewish family of doctors. His father, Samuel Lem, was an ENT doctor; the satirist Marian Hemar was his cousin.[2]

Lem had a sheltered childhood. He studied medicine at the University of Lviv from 1940 until the German occupation of Lviv in 1941. His studies were interrupted by World War II. Lem was able to conceal his Jewish origins with forged papers; most of his family perished in the Holocaust.

“It took Hitler to help me realize I was Jewish.”

During the war, he worked as an assistant mechanic and welder for a German company that recycled scrap metal. He helped the resistance against Nazism. When Poland was liberated from the Nazis by the Red Army towards the end of the war and the country came under the Soviet Union’s sphere of influence, he continued his studies in Lviv. In 1945, after his hometown fell to the Soviet Union, he was forced to move to Kraków.

He resumed his medical studies for the third time at the Jagiellonian University in Kraków. Between 1948 and 1950, he worked at the Konservatorium Naukoznawcze as a research assistant to Mieczysław Choynowski on problems of applied psychology. At the same time, he met the editor of the Tygodnik Powszechny, Jerzy Turowicz, who, along with Choynowski, became a formative figure. Wisława Szymborska was also among his friends at the time. His first literary attempts also occurred during this period, and he began writing stories in his free time, including the plays Yacht “Paradise” (with his friend Roman Husarski) and Korzenie. Drrama wieloaktowe, an anti-Stalinist satire, which was only rediscovered after Lem’s death and published in 2009. In 1948, he wrote his first novel, Szpital Przemienienia (The Wanderings of Dr. Stefan T.), which could not be published until eight years later due to censorship.[4] It was also during this time that he met his future wife, Barbara Leśniak, a radiologist, whom he married in 1953.[5]

Lem received a certificate confirming that he had fully completed his studies. However, in his final exam, he refused to give answers in the spirit of Lysenkoism, because he rejected it. This refusal allowed him to avoid a career as a military doctor, as the examiners failed him for it.

Since he was also unable to practice medicine, he worked in research and increasingly focused on writing.

Lem was a polyglot: he mastered Polish, Latin (from medical school), German, French, English, Russian, and Ukrainian.[6] Lem claimed that his IQ was tested at 180 in school.[7]

In 2013, the Polish research satellite Lem, named after him, was launched into Earth orbit by a Russian-Ukrainian Dnepr launch vehicle as part of the international BRITE project. In German-speaking countries, the Stanisław Lem Way in Halle-Neustadt is dedicated to him.

The Polish Sejm declared 2021 the Year of Stanisław Lem.[23] The dedication is divided between Lem, Stefan Wyszyński, Cyprian Norwid, Krzysztof Kamil Baczyński, Tadeusz Różewicz, and the Constitution of May 3. The first Lem video game, The Invincible, was released in the same year.[24]

The Komet Lem Festival took place in Darmstadt from October 2016 to March 2017.[25] The festival, organized by the Philosophical Institute of the Technical University of Darmstadt, the German Polish Institute, and the State Theater, was dedicated to Stanisław Lem with various events such as readings, plays, and film screenings, as well as musical interpretations of Lem’s works. The exhibition Lem’s Animal Life after Mróz consisted of drawings by illustrator Daniel Mróz based on Lem’s worlds.[26]

J. Doyne Farmer called Lem the “Poet Laureate of Artificial Life” for his achievements.

https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanis%C5%82aw_Lem

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanis%C5%82aw_Lem

  • 2025-04-27
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Salvador Allende

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Category : BanknoteDocs , monumentDocs , NameGivingDocs , PoliticianDocs , StampDocs , streetnameDocs

Salvador Guillermo Allende Gossens [salβaˈðoɾ ɣiˈjeɾmo aˈjende ˈɣosens] (June 26, 1908 in Valparaíso – September 11, 1973 in Santiago de Chile) was a Chilean physician and politician. He served as President of Chile from 1970 to 1973. His presidency was an attempt to establish a socialist society in Chile through democratic means. Allende was overthrown in a military coup in 1973, during which he committed suicide.

Allende became politically active in the late 1920s as a medical student at the University of Chile. He participated in protests against the dictatorship of Colonel Carlos Ibáñez del Campo and was elected vice president of the Federation of Chilean Students (FECH). In 1929, he joined both the Freemasons[5] and the group “Avance” (“Forward”).[6] In both organizations, he made important contacts for his later political career.

After the suppression of an uprising against the Ibáñez dictatorship led by Marmaduque Grove, Allende was arrested but later released. Shortly thereafter, he became secretary of the Socialist Party, founded in 1933, for the Valparaíso region.

In 1952, Allende ran for president for the first time, but only finished fourth. In 1954, he served as Deputy President of the Senate. In 1958, he was again the presidential candidate of the left-wing alliance Frente de Acción Popular (FRAP), but narrowly lost to the businessman Jorge Alessandri Rodríguez, who was supported by the right-wing parties. In 1964, he ran for president again, but was decisively defeated by the Christian Democrat Eduardo Frei. The reasons for this final electoral defeat were the last-minute support of the conservative parties for the more progressive Frei, as well as the massive support of the Christian Democrats by the CIA.[7]

In 1966, Allende was elected President of the Senate. In 1968, calls for his resignation followed his personal protection of the survivors of Che Guevara’s guerrilla force in Bolivia. In the same year he condemned the Soviet invasion of Prague.

Namegiving

After the end of the military dictatorship in Chile, Allende’s body was transported from Valparaíso, where he had been buried behind closed doors after the coup, to Santiago de Chile and interred in the main cemetery. Several hundred thousand people attended the funeral. A statue of Allende stands next to the presidential palace, La Moneda.

After his death, Salvador Allende was honored primarily in the socialist countries of Europe. In the Berlin district of Köpenick, the Salvador Allende Quarter is named after him. There is also an Allende Quarter in Wittenberge (Brandenburg). In the university town of Greifswald, in the GDR, the vocational school of the VEB Kombinat Ingenieur-Tief- und Verkehrsbau Rostock (State Industrial Estate Combine) bore the name Dr. Salvador Allende. An “Allende Memorial Stone” stood in the schoolyard. This educational institution was closed after the fall of the Berlin Wall. Two of the former buildings were converted into student housing and prop storage for the theater, in front of which the memorial stone is located. In Jena, a square in the Lobeda-Ost district, and streets in Bautzen, Chemnitz, Ludwigsfelde, Magdeburg, Neubrandenburg, Rostock, Frankfurt (Oder), Waltershausen, Weimar, Wittenberge, and Zwickau are named after Allende.

In Bernburg (Saale) in Saxony-Anhalt, the then new residential area on Kirschberg was named Dr. Salvador Allende Settlement in 1973, and a memorial plaque was erected at the corner of Dr. John Rittmeister Street, which was “stored indefinitely” in 2007.[33] The secondary school in Klötze (Saxony-Anhalt) bears the name “Dr. Salvador Allende,”[34] as does a primary school in Chemnitz.[35] A primary school in Rheinsberg (Brandenburg)[36] bore his name until 2018.[37]

In the Federal Republic of Germany, the former Bornplatz in the Hanseatic City of Hamburg was renamed Allende-Platz in 1983. It is located next to the grounds of the University of Hamburg, in the immediate vicinity of the former Talmud Torah School. In Oer-Erkenschwick, the Socialist Youth of Germany – The Falcons – has called its educational facility the Salvador Allende House since it opened in the late 1970s. There is also a Salvador Allende Street in Berlin, Bremen, and Frankfurt am Main. In Berlin, there is also the Salvador Allende Quarter.

https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salvador_Allende

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salvador_Allende

  • 2025-04-26
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Roland Matthes

Tags :

Category : NameGivingDocs , OlympicDocs , SwimmingDocs

Roland Matthes (* 17 November 1950 in Pößneck; † 20 December 2019 in Wertheim[1]) was a German swimmer, world record holder and four-time Olympic champion and is considered one of the most successful and popular athletes in the GDR.

Matthes studied sports science from 1970 to 1977 and graduated with a degree in sports teaching. From 1978 to 1984, he studied medicine in Jena. Matthes worked as an orthopedic surgeon in Marktheidenfeld. From 1985 to 1989, he was a member of the IOC Medical Commission.

From 1978 to 1982, he was married to Olympic swimming champion Kornelia Ender.

On April 6, 2011, the Erfurt Südschwimmhalle (South Swimming Pool) was renamed “Roland Matthes Swimming Pool” in his presence.

Roland Matthes died in December 2019 at the age of 69 after a short, serious illness.

https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roland_Matthes

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roland_Matthes

https://www.ovb-heimatzeitungen.de/sport/2019/12/22/abschied-vom-jahrhundert-schwimmer.ovb

  • 2025-04-25
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Heinrich Hoffmann

Tags :

Category : inventorDocs , museumDocs , NameGivingDocs , PoliticianDocs , WriterDocs

Heinrich Hoffmann (June 13, 1809 in Frankfurt am Main; September 20, 1894 in Frankfurt am Main) was a German psychiatrist, poet, and children’s book author. He is the author of Struwwelpeter (The Struwwel Peter). He also used the pseudonyms Heulalius von Heulenburg, Reimerich Kinderlieb, Peter Struwwel, and Polycarpus Gastfenger.

Politics

In 1848, he was a member of the Frankfurt Preliminary Parliament. He hosted the revolutionary Friedrich Hecker in his household. Hoffmann himself advocated a constitutional monarchy under Prussian rule and was a member of the Hereditary Imperial Party. In his satirical works “Handbook for Diggers or Concise Instructions on Becoming a People’s Man in a Few Days” (1848) and “The Howler Mirror” (1849), he strongly opposed the republicans. In 1866, he supported the annexation of the Free City of Frankfurt by Prussia.

Literarische Werke

From 1842 onwards, Hoffmann published poems and plays under various pseudonyms. He described himself as an occasional verse writer. He became known worldwide through his children’s book, Struwwelpeter, which he illustrated himself and wrote for his eldest son for Christmas 1844. Presumably in 1858, Hoffmann created a new version with modified illustrations; all subsequent editions of Struwwelpeter are based on this.

In 1851, he published his Christmas fairy tale “King Nutcracker and Poor Reinhold.” The first edition was illustrated with a drawing by the author depicting the Frankfurt Christmas market.

After his retirement, he wrote his memoirs, which were not published until 1926.

Memberships, Private Life

As a student in Heidelberg, Hoffmann had been a member of the Corps Alemannia since 1830, later an honorary member.[3] In 1836, he joined the Masonic lodge “Zur Einigkeit.” After a few years, he left because it did not admit Jews.[4]

In the fall of 1840, Hoffmann founded the Society of Tutti Frutti and its Baths in the Ganges in Frankfurt am Main, a society of writers, artists, and scholars whose members adopted specially chosen “fruit names.” Hoffmann himself was the “Onion.” The members included Franz Xaver Schnyder von Wartensee (“Pine Cone”), Ludwig Braunfels (“Chestnut”), Wilhelm Speyer (“Betel”), Theodor Creizenach (“Deadly Nightshade”), Carl Trost (“Thorn Apple”), Friedrich Maximilian Hessemer (“Date”), Eduard Schmidt von der Launitz (“Juniper”), Lorenz Diefenbach (“Strawberry”), Georg Eduard Steitz (“Nut 2”), Johann David Passavant (“Pomeranian Orange”), Heinrich von Rustige (“Nut”) and Philipp Veit (“Fennel”).

Interesting humorous version of Struwwelpeter by Böhmermann:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=–X5XjyynMw

In 1845, he co-founded a medical association and composed “Wine Songs for Doctors” for social occasions.

He died after a stroke and was buried in Frankfurt’s Main Cemetery (at the Wall, No. 541, honorary grave).[6]

A street in Frankfurt-Niederrad is named after him, where the Clinic for Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy of the Frankfurt University Hospital is now located. Two museums are dedicated to him, as are several memorial plaques at his former residences in Frankfurt.

Dice Game

Mr. Fix von Bickenbach’s Journey Around the World in 77 Days, Struwwelpeter Museum, Frankfurt am Main, 2012. Available as a facsimile in a slipcase.[7]

Museum

The Heinrich Hoffmann and Struwwelpeter Museum has been located in Frankfurt am Main since 1977, providing information about the life and work of this man and his classic children’s book.[8] In September 2019, the museum, now known as “Struwwelpeter,” moved to its current location.-Museum“, in das Haus zum Esslinger in der Neuen Frankfurter Altstadt.[9]

Startseite

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heinrich_Hoffmann_(author)

https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heinrich_Hoffmann

https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Struwwelpeter

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Struwwelpeter

  • 2025-04-22
  • -

Charles Bell

Tags :

Category : ArtDocs , NameGivingDocs , SpiritualDocs

Sir Charles Bell KH FRS FRSE FRCSE MWS (12 November 1774 – 28 April 1842) was a Scottish surgeon, anatomist, physiologist, neurologist, artist, and philosophical theologian. He is noted for discovering the difference between sensory nerves and motor nerves in the spinal cord. He is also noted for describing Bell’s palsy.

Charles Bell was born in Edinburgh on 12 November 1774,[2] as the fourth son of the Reverend William Bell, a clergyman of the Episcopal Church of Scotland. Charles’s father died in 1779 when he was five years old, and so his mother had a unique influence on his early life, teaching him how to read and write.[1] In addition to this, his mother also helped Charles’s natural artistic ability by paying for his regular drawing and painting lessons from David Allan, a well-known Scottish painter.

The Maniac – Charles Bell

While at the university, Bell attended the lectures of Dugald Stewart on the subject of spiritual philosophy. These lectures had considerable impact on Bell, for some of Stewart’s teachings can be traced in Bell’s later works in a passage on his Treatise on the Hand.[1] In addition to classes on anatomy, Bell took a course on the art of drawing in order to refine his artistic skill.

While developing his talents as a surgeon, Bell’s interests forayed into a field combining anatomy and art. His inherent talent as an artist came to the fore when he helped his brother complete a four-volume work called The Anatomy of the Human Body. Charles Bell completely wrote and illustrated volumes 3 and 4 in 1803, as well as publishing his own set of illustrations in a System of Dissections in 1798 and 1799.[6] Furthermore, Bell used his clinical experience and artistic eye to develop the hobby of modelling interesting medical cases in wax. He proceeded to accumulate an extensive collection that he dubbed his Museum of Anatomy, some items of which can still be seen today at Surgeon’s Hall.

A number of discoveries received his name:

Charles Bell House, part of University College London, is used for teaching and research in surgery

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